Abstract
The problems of handling technology are no longer confined to robot technology alone, i.e. to specific equipment developments, insertion devices, and industrial robots, even if these are at present the main focus of attention. What is becoming increasingly significant are the problems inherent in the use of this equipment, together with solutions to the peripheral problems of whole handling systems. Equally, solutions to these problems are to be sought where no fixed or freely‐programmable handling equipment is needed, e.g. on packing‐machines or bottle‐filling plant. And the problem of “gripping” or of “clamping” workpieces or products occurs in almost all production processes.