Laryngeal Amyloidosis

Abstract

The larynx is usually involved with amyloid as an isolated phenomenon and infrequently in generalized amyloidosis. This study includes six females and one male with an average age of 54 years who complained chiefly of prolonged hoarseness. At direct laryngoscopy, the amyloid usually presented as firm, nonulcerated yellow, red, or white lesions most often involving the ventricle, true and false cords. Surgical biopsy and/or excision was the only form of treatment. One patient experienced recurrence of her amyloid seven years after her first operation while another patient developed extralaryngeal amyloid. Amyloid is deposited extracellularly as amorphous eosinophilic material in vascular walls and basement membranes of minor salivary glands, as random tissue masses, or as “rings” in adipose tissue. Under the electron microscope, all types of amyloid have the same basic structure. However, chemical analysis has revealed three different classes of amyloid: Amyloid of immunoglobulin origin, amyloid of unknown origin, and apudamyloid. Evidence suggests an immunoglobulin origin of at least some cases of amyloid localized to the larynx. It is theorized that the secretions of a monoclonal plasmacytic infiltrate of the larynx are metabolized into immunoglobulin light chain fragments by adjacent histiocytes and deposited extracellularly as amyloid.