Sustained feedback effects of L-horizontal cells on turtle cones

Abstract

Prolonged stimulation of the periphery of their receptive field can evoke in turtle cones sustained complex depolarizations or sustained membrane oscillations. In cones in which such effects of prolonged peripheral stimulation are not apparent, the injection of short depolarizing pulses can reveal a sustained increase of electrical excitability in response to prolonged peripheral illumination. The sustained effects of prolonged peripheral illumination have characteristics similar to those of the feedback depolarizations evoked by flash peripheral stimulation: they are labile in untreated retinas, can be blocked by either hyperpolarization, Co$^{2+}$ or agents that depolarize the L-horizontal cells. They are associated with a decrease in the membrane input resistance. In retinas bathed in Sr$^{2+}$- or Ba$^{2+}$- containing media, prolonged peripheral illumination evokes a sustained repetitive discharge of spikes. These experiments demonstrate that the feedback effects of the L-horizontal cells on the cones are not only transient but also sustained and that the sustained effects of peripheral stimulations are associated with an increase in membrane Ca$^{2+}$ conductance. The possible nature of the feedback connection between L-horizontal cells and the cones is discussed.