Electronic states of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu impurities in aluminium

Abstract
The XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) spectra of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu diluted in Al have been measured. The valence bands of the impurities consist of a single narrow state (2 Delta approximately 1.5 eV) near to the Fermi energy (EF) for Mn and Fe which moves away gradually from EF with increasing d state occupancy.