A Cyclic Voltammetry Method Suitable for Characterizing Antioxidant Properties of Wine and Wine Phenolics

Abstract

Phenolic antioxidants are ranked by reducing strength and characterized for reversibility using cyclic voltammetry at a glassy carbon electrode. Phenolics with an ortho-diphenol group show a first oxidation peak close to 400 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) in a model wine solution (12% ethanol, 0.033 M tartaric acid, adjusted to pH 3.6), with a linear concentration dependence below 0.01 mM. Dilution of white wines 10×, and red wines 400×, gave first oxidation peak currents in the 1.5 to 2.2 μA range and 1.9 to 3.4 μC of charge passed by 500 mV, producing values for the concentrations of phenolic antioxidants with low oxidation potentials in the wines. Further peaks in the cyclic voltammograms of the diluted wines correspond to classes of phenolics with higher oxidation potentials, providing a qualitative assessment of wine phenolics based on reducing strength. Keywords: Cyclic voltammetry; wine; phenolics; antioxidants