The combination of a primary appetitional need with primary and secondary emotionally derived needs.

Abstract

"The present investigation was designed to study the effects upon response strength (speed of running) of the combination of need states, where both of the combining needs are not appetitional in nature . . … The combination of a primary irrelevant hunger need resulting from 22 hr. of food deprivation with a primary need to escape pain (produced by shock stimulation) was found, at the two levels of shock employed, not to have any significant effect upon the strength of response . . … When an irrelevant hunger need resulting from 22 hr. of food deprivation was combined with a secondary need to escape anxiety (resulting from stimuli conditioned to the pain reaction), a significant effect upon response strength was observed at both levels of anxiety which were employed . . … The results are discussed in terms of Hull's formula of drive summation." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)