Enhanced resistance to photorefraction and photovoltaic effect in Li-rich LiNbO3:Mg crystals

Abstract
We have found that in connection with photorefraction the Li‐rich LiNbo3:Mg (5 mol %) can withstand higher light intensities than the congruent LiNbO3:Mg (5 mol %) and that the improvement is due to the increased photoconductivity with little change in photovoltaic current.