Reactivity of Genotype-Specific Recombinant Proteins of Human Erythrovirus B19 with Plasmas from Areas Where Genotype 1 or 3 Is Endemic

Abstract

Human erythrovirus (parvovirus) B19 (B19) is a common human pathogen. The recent discovery of three genotypes, 1 to 3, raised issues related to the ability of genotype-specific antigens to cross-react with antibodies elicited by other genotypes. This study assessed antibody capture and immunoglobulin G (IgG) cross-reactivity between genotype 1 and genotype 3 recombinant antigens and analyzed the potential gain of adding VP1 protein to VP2 capsid antigen. Plasma samples from genotype 1- or genotype 3-infected populations were blindly tested with blindly prepared reagents. The IgG reactivity was assessed with baculovirus-expressed VP2 or VP1 and VP2 recombinant genotype 1 or genotype 3 proteins in a standardized enzyme immunoassay (EIA). A high degree of agreement (>95%) between EIA results was observed, with Spearman correlation coefficient and kappa reliability coefficient results of ≥0.95 for samples from the United Kingdom and ≥0.77 for samples from Ghanaian children, respectively. Most discrepant results were related to equivocal reactivity. The addition of VP1 to VP2 capsids did not significantly impact antibody detection. These data suggest that the currently available genotype-1-based IgG EIA is suitable to detect antibody to B19 genotype 3 in Ghanaian children. However, samples from the Ghanaian adult population exhibited atypical results in the assay, possibly due to the high levels of nonspecific IgG antibodies found in adults living in this region. Within these limitations, the study demonstrates that genotype 1 and genotype 3 antigens are equally effective in detecting either antibody species.