Identification of Actinomyces and Related Bacteria in Dental Calculus by the Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Abstract
Calculus specimens were examined by direct fluorescent antibody techniques and cultural procedures for the presence of gram-positive filamentous or diphtheroid bacteria. Actinomyces israelii, A viscosus, A naeslundii, Arachnia propionica, Rothia dentocariosa, Bacterionema matruchotii, and Corynebacterium acnes were observed in and cultured from the majority of specimens, with more than one species present in every specimen.