Ryanodine Receptor Regulation by Intramolecular Interaction between Cytoplasmic and Transmembrane Domains

Abstract

Ryanodine receptors (RyR) function as Ca²⁺ channels that regulate Ca²⁺ release from intracellular stores to control a diverse array of cellular processes. The massive cytoplasmic domain of RyR is believed to be responsible for regulating channel function. We investigated interaction between the transmembrane Ca²⁺-releasing pore and a panel of cytoplasmic domains of the human cardiac RyR in living cells. Expression of eGFP-tagged RyR constructs encoding distinct transmembrane topological models profoundly altered intracellular Ca²⁺ handling and was refractory to modulation by ryanodine, FKBP12.6 and caffeine. The impact of coexpressing dsRed-tagged cytoplasmic domains of RyR2 on intracellular Ca²⁺ phenotype was assessed using confocal microscopy coupled with parallel determination of in situ protein: protein interaction using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Dynamic interactions between RyR cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains were mediated by amino acids 3722-4610 (Interacting or “I”-domain) which critically modulated intracellular Ca²⁺ handling and restored RyR sensitivity to caffeine activation. These results provide compelling evidence that specific interaction between cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains is an important mechanism in the intrinsic modulation of RyR Ca²⁺ release channels.