Metal Carbonyls in the Petroleum Industry

Abstract

Industrial conditions which utilize temperature, pressure, and carbon monoxide in the presence of metal catalysts are conducive to metal carbonyl formation. An evaluation of the thermodynamic equilibrium data associated with metal carbonyls shows a definite relationship between these parameters which allow us to construct nomographs concerning their equilibrium formation. Metal carbonyls represent a distinct medical hazard. Recommendations for safe exposure limits and safety devices for personnel protection are based on the toxicity associated with metal carbonyls. Analytical methods indicate that adequate monitoring of the carbonyls of nickel, cobalt, and iron can be obtained.