Evaluation of amantadine hydrochloride in the treatment of A2 influenzal disease.

Abstract

Amantadine hydrochloride is the first drug to show promise as a practical anti-influenza agent. Several studies demonstrating a prophylactic effect in volunteers with induced A2 disease as well as in patients during A2 outbreaks have created the impetus for therapeutic trials. The widespread A2 influenza epidemic that occurred early in 1968 provided the opportunity for therapeutic evaluation in the USA.A total of 197 prison inmates with proven influenza agreed to participate in the 10-day double-blind evaluation of amantadine (100 mg, twice daily). Onset of therapy was approximately 20 hours after first subjective awareness of illness.Assessment of drug effectiveness was based on rapidity of resolution of illness. There was a significant increase in the number of drug-treated as against placebo patients in the "rapid resolver" group whereas individuals receiving placebo dominated the "slow resolver" group. Analysis of febrile responses indicated that amantadine-treated patients had significantly more rapid defervescence. Virus isolation studies revealed etiologically related virus in 90% of all volunteers during the first 5 days of therapy. It was apparent that clinical improvement was not correlated with disappearance of the virus. Nevertheless, the trials conducted during the influenza season of early 1968 indicated the therapeutic effect of amantadine hydrochloride. Administration of 100 mg, twice daily, for 10 days did not cause any adverse effects.