STAPHYLOCOCCAL VIROLYSIN, A PHAGE-INDUCED LYSIN

Abstract

Virolysin is a lysin which appears in Staphylococcus aureus K1 cells infected with phage P14; together with phage, virolysin is released from phage-infected cells at the time of lysis. Autolysin is a lysin formed by unin-fected cells of the K1 strain; autolysin is released from uninfected cells by autolysis. They show the following similarities. Both agents act within the genus Micrococcus. They lyse cells only after the cell has been subjected to a damaging or "sensitizing" treatment, such as heat, bacteriophage, acetone, or UV irradiation. The course of lysis of heated cells by both lysins proceeded in a similar manner. A constant percentage of cells is lysed, independent of the concentration of lysin; the residual cells remain resistant to either lysin. Lysis proceeds logarithmically with time, and the velocity constants K are proportional to the lysin concentration. K increases with increasing temperature. Both lysins are unaffected by antiserum to the phage. They are inhibited alike by a number of chemicals, including known enzyme inhibitors. Both agents are destroyed by proteolytic enzymes and are precipitated by 40% saturation with (NH4)2SO4. Both lysins are very thermolabile. The two lysins differ with respect to their pH optimum, antigenic relationship and specificity for M. lysodeikticus. These results suggest that both lysins have many properties associated with enzymes, the lysis of heated cells, which they produce, has some of the characteristics of a chemical reaction, the lysin from the phage-infected cell is clearly different from the lysin of the uninfected cell.