Microscopic calculation of the phonon-roton branch in superfluid 4 He

Abstract

Diffusion Monte Carlo results for the phonon-roton excitation branch in bulk liquid $^4$He at zero temperature are presented. The sign problem associated to the excited wave function has been dealt both with the fixed-node approximation and the released-node technique. The upper bounds provided by the fixed-node approximation are shown to become exact when using the released-node method. An excellent agreement with experimental data is achieved both at the equilibrium and near the freezing densities.