Satisfying the constraints of causal modeling
- 1 September 1986
- journal article
- Published by Wiley in New Directions for Program Evaluation
- Vol. 1986 (31), 91-107
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ev.1436
Abstract
Causal models often omit variables that should be included, use variables that are measured fallibly, and ignore time lags. Such practices can lead to severely biased estimates of effects. The discussion explains these biases and shows how to take them into account.Keywords
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