Platelet factor‐4 excretion in myeloproliferative disease: implications for the aetiology of myelofibrosis

Abstract

The fibroblastic proliferation often associated with the myeloproliferative disorders is not part of the neoplastic process, but is secondary to an unknown stimulus. This stimulus may be a factor derived from platelets which promotes the proliferation of fibroblasts in vitro (PDGF). Platelet-derived growth factor is localized to platelet .alpha.-granules together with PF4 [platelet factor 4] and .beta.-TG [.beta.-thromboglobulin]. As an indicator of .alpha.-granule release, PF4 levels in plasma, platelets and urine were measured in 46 normal subjects and 49 patients with myeloproliferative disorders, secondary thrombocytosis and miscellaneous malignancies. All 11 patients with elevated urinary PF4 excretion exhibited myelofibrosis, whereas 11 of 22 patients with documented myelofibrosis had urinary PF4 excretion in the normal range. No correlation was seen between marrow fibrosis and plasma levels or the platelet content of PF4. Release of mitogen(s) from platelet or megakaryocyte .alpha.-granules in some patients with myeloproliferative disorders apparently is pathogenetically related to the development of marrow fibrosis.