Approximate Yield Surface Equations

Abstract
A procedure is presented for deriving approximate lower bound yield surface equations in terms of axial force, torsional moment and two flexural moments. Yield surface equations are tabulated for four common structural cross sections. A procedure is outlined for expressing these equations in terms of a load factor, and for calculating the load factor corresponding to a given set of force vectors at a cross section. An indication of the accuracy of the approximate yield surface equations is given.