Cyclophosphamide

Abstract

Cyclophosphamide is a cytotoxic immunosuppressive and anticancer drug that has been used to treat a large variety of human disorders. It alkylates and phosphorylates important cellular macromolecules and preferentially kills cells that are rapidly dividing, but it is also effective against nonproliferating cells.¹ The drug is critical to the effectiveness of many cancer-treatment regimens, in which it is often combined with other antitumor agents. Cyclophosphamide is also associated with serious adverse effects, including secondary cancer, severe leukopenia with infection, and hemorrhagic cystitis.Since cyclophosphamide can suppress immune responses mediated by both B cells and T cells, many physicians have turned . . .