The role of Dr. Szilard in the early realization of the military potentialities of the discovery of atomic fission, his accomplishment, together with Fermi, of some of the fundamental experiments which had confirmed this prevision, and his initiative in bringing this possibility to the attention of the American government—thus stimulating the creation of our wartime atomic energy project—are a matter of history.1 In addition to these proofs of a remarkable scientific and technological imagination, he has also been among the first—if not the first—to foresee—in more than a vague general form—the revolutionary consequences of the release of atomic energy for the future political developments in the world, and to try to bring them to the attention of the national administration2 and the people.3 The failure of plans for the international control of atomic energy—in which Szilard put his early hopes—to come to fruition in the U.N. negotiations did not cause him to cease thinking continually about the future of mankind in the atomic age, bringing into the scope of his thoughts also its great economic and demographic problems, nor from trying to find new, rational solutions to them—in the conviction that mankind cannot allow itself to solve them any more by the old ultimate means of war. In the memorandum which we print here, Dr. Szilard has summarized once again his analysis of the situation, together with some of the proposals he had made before, and some new ones, as discussion material for a kind of international brain trust, which he hopes the nations will have sooner or later to bring together to put an end to the arms race and perpetual threat of war. It is easy to say that some of these proposals are unrealistic, or too cleverly contrived; but nobody can deny that they are ingenious, original, and stimulating.