Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of prednisolone in normal and adrenalectomized rats

Abstract

The pharmacokinetics of prednisolone after 5- and 50-mg/kg doses given as the sodium succinate salt was examined in normal and adrenalectomized rats. Prednisolone, prednisone, and corticosterone concentrations in plasma were determined by HPCL and free prednisolone measured by equilibrium dialysis. Prednisolone sodium succinate was rapidly and completely hydrolyzed to prednisolone as indicated by the absence of the ester from plasma within 5 min after intravenous injection. Prednisolone was rapidly metabolized to prednisone, while corticosterone concentrations in normal rats declined rapidly and were undetectable by 1 hr. Adrenalectomy had no effect on the disposition and protein binding of prednisolone. Dose, however, had a marked effect on prednisolone pharmacokinetics, with mean plasma clearance decreasing from 6.18 to 3.07 L/h per kg and mean steady-state volume of distribution decreasing from 2.14 to 1.05 L/kg from the lower to higher steroid dose. Half-life (0.50 hr) and mean residence time (0.35 hr) were unaffected by dose. Prednisolone plasma protein binding was nonlinear due to saturation of transcortin binding. Changes in pharmacokinetic parameters were not related to the nonlinear plasma binding, but were more likely caused by saturation of elimination pathways and tissue binding sites.