Electrochemical Properties of Germanium

Abstract
Germanium can be deposited electrolytically from strong aqueous KOH solutions of the dioxide. When coherent coatings of Ge are obtained, the under metal has no effect on the electrochemical behavior. Ge can be deposited from a molten electrolyte that will dissolve its dioxide. The most consistent potential for the chain, Hg | Hg2 Cl2 | N ZnSO4 | Ge is 0.56 volt in which the normal calomel cell is the more positive, when the Ge is electrolytic. The chain potential with massive Ge is lower, being about 0.28 volt. Sulfuric acid lowers the potential of Ge against N ZnSO4 and also against a solution of its ions. Wide variance in sulfuric acid concentration has very little effect on the single electrode potential of Ge when Zn and Ge ions are absent. The voltage of the chain, Hg | HgO, N KOH | 3N KOH | Cu, at which Ge commences to plate out on Cu from 3N KOH solution of GeO2 is less than the voltage necessary to liberate hydrogen on Cu under the same conditions, and greater than the voltage required to liberate hydrogen at an electrodeposited germanium surface from the same solution. These facts probably account, in part at least, for the scabbing of Zn cathodes. The hydrogen overvoltage of electrodeposited Ge is about 0.32 volt, that of massive Ge about 0.25 volt. From this it is evident that the hydrogen overvoltage of Ge is not affected as much by a change in the surface of the metal as is the single electrode potential. Ge replaces silver from silver nitrate solution but does not replace Cu, Hg, Sn, As, Sb, or Bi from their chlorides nor Pb from the nitrate.