Lithium Rechargeable Batteries as Electromechanical Actuators

Abstract

An electromechanical actuation concept utilizing the reversible dilation of ion storage compounds is demonstrated, using prismatic cells based on the couple as the test vehicle. Under zero stress, reversible linear strains of were obtained. At 10 MPa stress, 1.5% strain ( mechanical work) was achievable. In tests of maximum actuation speed, cells rated for 20C discharge capability reached actuation strain in 80–100 s. This electrochemical actuation approach provides a low-voltage electrically operated mechanism with mechanical energy density exceeding that of high strain polycrystalline piezoelectrics, and may be useful in high strain, high force, moderate bandwidth actuator applications.