Larvae of the Ixodes ricinus complex of species

Abstract
SUMMARY: An account is given of the morphological characteristics of larvae of four species of the Ixodes ricinus complex, namely I. ricinus, I. persulcatus, I. pacificus and I. nipponensis. Particular reference is made to chaetotaxy and its importance in differentiating larvae of closely related species is emphasized.We are grateful to Dr G. Owen Evans for discussion on matters on chaetotaxy.