Improved flash x-ray uniformity at 19 MeV using a compound-lens diode

Abstract
Significantly improved spatial uniformity of bremsstrahlung radiation, relative to a planar-anode diode, is obtained on the HERMES III accelerator when a compound-lens diode is used to control the 19-MeV, 700-kA electron beam. The compound-lens diode uses a conical anode to control the beam electrostatically, followed by a gas cell with externally applied current to control the beam magnetically. Variation of the external current enables average doses at the target to be varied by a factor of 3 without breaking the vacuum system of the accelerator to change diode hardware.