The Tonic Function of the Horizontal Semicircular Canals in Fishes

Abstract

1. An operative technique is described, which makes possible the elimination of a single horizontal semicircular canal in the pike (Esox lucius). 2. Such an operation, carried out unilaterally, leads to a lasting tonic asymmetry of the eye muscle apparatus. Hence a tonic function of the horizontal semicircular canals must be assumed.