Inhibition of telomerase by G-quartet DMA structures

Abstract

THE ends or telomeres of the linear chromosomes of eukaryotes are composed of tandem repeats of short DNA sequences, one strand being rich in guanine (G strand) and the complementary strand in cytosine^1,2. Telomere synthesis involves the addition of telomeric repeats to the G strand by telomere terminal transferase (telomerase)^3–6. Telomeric G-strand DNAs from a variety of organisms adopt compact structures⁷, the most stable of which is explained by the formation of G-quartets^8,9. Here we investigate the capacity of the different folded forms of telomeric DNA to serve as primers for the Oxytricha nova telomerase in vitro. Formation of the K⁺-stabilized G-quartet structure in a primer inhibits its use by telomerase. Furthermore, the octanucleotide T₄G₄, which does not fold, is a better primer than (T₄G₄)₂, which can form a foldback structure^7–10. We conclude that telomerase does not require any folding of its DNA primer. Folding of telomeric DNA into G-quartet structures seems to influence the extent of telomere elongation in vitro and might therefore act as a negative regulator of elongation in vivo.