The excavations carried out since 1982 in the Kebara Cave have produced new data on the lifeways of the Neanderthals (domestic organisation, burial methods, technology). The results obtained tend to define the presence of a fades producing Levallois points and flakes, usually by unipolar preparation, throughout a period of time from 60.000 to 40.000 years. These results, combined with those obtained from the Qafzeh cave allow us to re-examine interpretations of the technological variability of Near Eastern Mousterian industries.