Three‐Year Post‐Placement Survival of Implants Mobile at Placement

Abstract

Although rigid fixation of endosseous implants at the time of placement is generally thought to be a prerequisite for successful osseointegration, the Dental implant Clinical Research Group (DICRG) of the Department of Veterans Affairs has reported on implants that integrated despite being mobile at placement. The present study examines the frequency of osseointegration and the 36-month post-placement survival of implants mobile at placement in a prospective, multicenter, longitudinal clinical study of more than 3,000 implants conducted by the DICRG. A total of 3,111 implants of 6 different designs were placed in all jaw regions in more than 800 patients at 32 study centers. At the time of this report, 2,770 of these implants had been followed for 36 months post-placement. They included 89 implants that were mobile at placement. Data for demographic variables, implant coating, bone quality, incision type, bone augmentation, and antibiotic usage were recorded. An electronic hand-held probe was used to measure mobility at uncovering and at regular follow-up intervals. Eighty-nine of 2,770 inserted implants were mobile at placement. Results are reported for two periods: from placement to 36 months and from prosthetic loading to 36 months. The latter method eliminated early failures and resulted in substantially higher scores for both mobile implants at placement (95.9% survival from prosthetic loading to 36 months post-placement versus 79.8% from placement to 36 months) and implants not mobile at placement (98.4% versus 93.4%). Mobility at placement was significant to 3-year survival (P < 0.001). Hydroxyapatite (HA) coating improved the performance of implants mobile at placement (91.8% for HA-coated versus 53.6% for non-HA) and those not mobile at placement (97.2% for HA-coated versus 87.4% for non-HA). Radiographic findings suggested that crestal bone response around implants which were mobile versus immobile at placement was similar. Although implant stability at the time of placement is clearly desirable as seen in the superior 3-year survival of stable implants, it may not be an absolute prerequisite to osseointegration or to long-term survival. Several factors may influence the decision to remove or replace a mobile implant. HA-coating significantly improved the performance of both mobile and immobile implants at placement to 3 years post-placement (P < 0.001).