An equator is a plane of reflection symmetry; a polar axis is an axis of rotary symmetry. The “climatic pole" axis corresponds to the earth’s geographic axis and has a relatively constant position throughout any gradation cycle. Shift of position causes either acceleration or de-celeration of most parts of the earth and is attended by orogeny in most of the major conti-nental and oceanic blocks. The N pole for the lower Proterozoic era lay near S 35° W 100° and moved to S 57° W 160° after the Killarneyan Revolution. During the Paleozoic the N pole hovered around the present equator east of the Marshall Islands and moved between N 17° W 178° and S 7° W 165°. It moved northward almost on the 180° E meridian throughout the Mesozoic reaching N 41° in the Jurassic and 50° N in the Cretaceous. The Oligocene epoch saw the N pole in New Siberia at N 70° E 150°. Some orogeny is incidental to pole shift and is due to excessive local linear acceleration to maintain constant angular velocity. The rocks of the earth shear near planes of maximum stress, with variation up to 30° distant due to conspicuous rock strength or weakness. Dis-turbance of the earth as a gyroscope is attributed to gradational agents transferring masses of the order of I06 cubic miles from one radius of rotation to another on only one side of the earth. This imposes a force on earth rotation to cause precession of the gyroscope.