Finite amplitude localized whistler waves

Abstract
The localization of wave fields arising from modulation and filamentation of large amplitude whistler waves propagating nearly parallel to the external magnetic field are considered. The low‐frequency modulations are allowed to be fully nonlinear, so that large density variations as often observed in the experiments are included. In the expression for the ponderomotive force, the contribution of the time‐dependent polarization current has been accounted for. It is shown by means of the Sagdeev potential analysis that both sub‐ and supersonic solitary wave/filaments can exist, depending on the frequency regime of the whistler waves. The relationship between the speed, the maximum electric field, and the density variation of a solitary wave/filament is investigated.