Nonequilibrium devices for infra-red detection

Abstract
To increase the operating temperature of long-wavelength infra-red detectors it is proposed that narrow-gap semiconductor devices be operated in a nonequilibrium mode such that the carrier densities are held below their equilibrium, near-intrinsic, levels. The possible use of exclusion in photo-conductors and extraction in photodiodes is discussed, and experimental results are shown for the former.