A review of upper-gastrointestinal effects of the newer nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents

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Abstract
Newer nonsteroidal antiinflammatory, agents (NSAIs) such as ibuprofen, naproxen, fenoprofen, and tolmetin have broadened the therapeutic choice and increased the chances of providing optimum arthritis control, but require careful assessment of the possibilities for unwanted drug effects when long-term therapy is required. A review of the literature on the gastrointestinal effects of the promising newer NSAIs, as compared with the older agents, aspirin, indomethacin, and phenylbutazone, is presented, highlighting animal toxicology and human adverse reaction surveillance data and the evidence for various suggested pathophysiological mechanisms.