The L2,3M4,5M4,5Auger and photoelectron spectra of germanium

Abstract
The photoelectron and L2,3M4,5M4,5 Auger spectra of germanium have been observed using Al and Mg K alpha X-ray excitation. Clean surfaces were formed by brittle fracture of specimens in vacuo. L2,3 and M shell binding energies are compared with Hartree-Fock calculations and combined with the Auger energies in a determination of RS3a, (11.1 eV+or-0.5 eV) the static extra-atomic relaxation term which appears in a two-step model of the Auger energy. The total intensity ratio L3M4,5M4,5/L2M4,5M4,5 is found to depend on the X-ray energy. Spectra of the L3M4,5M4,5 and L2M4,5M4,5 Auger groups are compared with multiplet structure calculations.