Abstract
A unified model is introduced for the first time for electrical conduction in both the insulator particle‐solid‐state ionic and conducting particle‐insulator matrix composites. In the model, the basic formulation of effective medium approximation is reconsidered by replacing the site conductivities with the contact conductivities as well as the probability of site occupation with the probability of contact development. The model predictions are in agreement with the available experimental data. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.