Abstract
Effective human-robot interaction in Urban Search andRescue robotics currently requires a minimum 2:1 humanto-robot ratio. The demands are not just physical (thoughthe task at present is facilitated by having a second personassist with physical robot operations); cognitivechallenges are presented by the key-hole effect,teleproprioception and telekinesthesis. In studies with 2:1robot teams, operators who talked more with theirteammates about the search environment, the robot's...

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