Experiments with 315-Mev Polarized Protons. I. Elastic Scattering by Complex Nuclei

Abstract

In this paper we describe experiments with high-energy polarized protons, (∼315 Mev), their production, and their scattering from complex nuclei. We give the essentials of the theory of polarization of particles of spin ½ in a form suitable for the interpretation of the experimental results. Included is a detailed description of the experimental techniques, the characteristics of the polarized beam, and a discussion of the errors of measurement. The beam was 76% polarized and the maximum beam current was approximately ${10}^5$ protons per second. Results of the scattering experiments on beryllium, carbon, aluminum, calcium, iron, and tantalum are described. Some results of triple-scattering experiments, which further determine the scattering matrix, are also given. The relation of the experimental results to the various theories proposed for explaining the polarization by scattering is discussed. Only qualitative agreement with the theoretical studies made on current models is achieved. Although many of the features predicted by the usual types of potentials are present, no single potential can account for all the observed facts.