Cardenolide analogs. 2. 22-Methylenecard-14-enolides

Abstract
22-Methylene-3.beta.-hydroxy-5.beta.,20(S)-card-14-enolide and 22-methylene-3.beta.-hydroxy-5.beta.,20(R)-card-14-enolide were synthesized from digitoxin [an important drug used for treating congestive heart failure]. Attempts to prepare the 14.beta.-hydroxy-22-methylene analogues were unsuccessful. The 20(R) isomer was twice as active as 14-dehydrodigitoxigenin (17) in Na+, K+-ATPase [rat brain] inhibition studies. The 20(S) isomer was significantly less active than 17. The hydrolysis of steroid 3.beta.-tert-butyldimethylsilyl ethers was also much more difficult than with nonsteroids.

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