HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN THE USA ETIOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS - LOCALIZATION OF HEPATITIS-B ANTIGENS

Abstract

The serologic and tissue markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were studied in 50 patients in whom hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was confirmed at autopsy. Serologic and tissue markers included serum hepatitits B surface antigen (HBsAg), tissue HBsAg, tissue hepatitis core antigen (HBcAg) and serum antibody to HBcAg (anti-HBc). Twenty-two patients had HCC arising in alcoholic cirrhosis; 2 of the 22 (9.1%) had 1 or more of the HBV tissue and serologic markers. This infection rate is similar to rate of 7.9% in 63 control alcoholic cirrhotic patients without HCC. In contrast, 15 of 20 (75.0%) patients with HCC in nonalcoholic chronic active liver disease showed evidence of active HBV infection. One of 8 patients with HCC in normal liver had serum HBV markers. There is an extremely high prevalence of HBV infection among HCC patients with nonalcoholic chronic liver disease in the USA. The prevalence of HBV infection in these patients is as high as that observed in Asia and Africa. The lower prevalence rate of active HBV infection in HCC patients in the USA may be the result of statistical dilution of HCC-B viral disease by the large numbers of the alcoholic cirrhotic patients with HCC, and if chronic active hepatitis type B were as common in the USA as it was in Africa and Asia, the frequency of occurrence of HCC might also be as high.