Applications of ferroelectrics and related materials: A review of developments in europe

Abstract

The paper reviews developments in Europe in the broad field of ferroelectrics including the use of such materials in the closely related fields of pyroelectrics and non-linear optics. Infra-red detection and displays are discussed in connection with pyroelectric image tubes and non-linear optical up-conversion. Other applications described include optical digital light defectors for printing, displays and optical stores, and electro-optic and acousto-optic modulation for Q-switches in laser applications and as modulators in display tubes. Attempts to improve piezoelectric ceramic resonators include suppression of ageing with dopants, use of a novel mode of vibration and use of acoustic surface waves for i.f. circuits in T.V. receivers. Ceramics with a large positive temperature coefficient have been developed for a variety of applications. Transparent ferroelectric films are being widely investigated for display systems and materials closely related to ferroelectric ceramics are being developed for high permittivity temperature-stable microwave substrates' and resonators.