The reasons physicians attend traditional continuing medical education (CME) programs have not been studied extensively. Based on a review of the literature, reasons for participation are categorized as an integral part of professionalism, an interest in topical subjects, a means of validating or modifying prior learning and behavior; a means of attaining an identified learning or behavioral objective, and a change of pace from practice routine and an opportunity for social contact with other physicians. Individual physicians may attend a particular CME program for reasons that include several of these categories. Physicians' inner standards of achievement and need to validate their information and practices are seen as more important reasons for CME attendance than are mandatory CME regulations and change of pace.