Critical tumor‐suppressor gene regions on chromosome 3P in major human epithelial malignancies: Allelotyping and quantitative real‐time PCR

Abstract

To ascertain the involvement of human chromosome 3p and its established critical TSG regions in various epithelial malignancies, 21 polymorphic and 2 nonpolymorphic 3p markers were allelotyped in nonpapillary RCC, NSCLC, CC and BC from a total of 184 patients. LOH was observed with high frequency in all types of cancer studied: RCC (52/57, 91%), BC (41/51, 80%), NSCLC (30/40, 75%) and CC (27/36, 75%). Interstitial deletions, believed to signal TSG inactivation, were verified using the “L‐allele rule” and real‐time quantitative PCR. Significant correlation was observed between DNA copy numbers for 2 nonpolymorphic STS markers and LOH data for adjacent polymorphic loci. Interstitial deletions in 3p were demonstrated for all cancer types studied. However, the distribution of different types of deletion was characteristic for tumors from various locations. Large terminal deletions were predominantly seen in RCC and NSCLC (51% and 40%, respectively), correlating with clear cell RCC and squamous cell carcinomas of the lung. In addition to the LUCA region at 3p21.3 (centromeric), we found that the AP20 region (3p21.3, telomeric) was frequently affected in all 4 cancers, suggesting that this newly defined critical region contains multiple TSGs. Moreover, at least 3 candidate cancer‐specific loci were identified. The telomeric 3p26.1‐p25.3 region was predominantly deleted in RCC and NSCLC. The D3S1286 and D3S3047 markers (3p25.2‐p24.3) were deleted nonrandomly in NSCLC. High‐frequency LOH was detected in a segment mapped closely distal to the LUCA site (3p21.3), around the D3S2409 and D3S2456 markers.