A New Laboratory Kit for Anti-gliadin IgA at Diagnosis and Follow-up of Childhood Celiac Disease

Abstract

A new laboratory kit measuring anti-gliadin IgA level by enzyme immunoassay has been evaluated to assess the test's potential for screening children with suspected celiac disease for small intestinal biopsy and predicting mucosal relapse after gluten challenge. One hundred thirty children were tested, and the results were related to the histopathologic findings of the intestinal mucosa and the final diagnosis. The sensitivity of the test was 97% and the specificity was 92% in the studied population. Forty-five children with celiac disease on different diets were observed. All had reduced anti-gliadin IgA levels on a gluten-free diet, and 91% had normal levels after 1 year. Two of four patients with increased values had an insufficient diet. During gluten challenge, 38 of 45 children showed increased anti-gliadin IgA levels. Of the remaining seven, five reacted either with immediate and strong symptoms or had spontaneously reduced gluten intake, or had an acquired IgA deficiency. In two cases, there was no explanation. In five children without relapse on gluten challenge, the anti-gliadin IgA level remained normal. Provided that IgA deficiency is ruled out and the gluten intake is sufficient, the test is reliable for screening and has a potential to replace the third biopsy.