The Formation of Monolayer Metal Films on Electrodes

Abstract
The two‐ and three‐dimensional nucleation and the metal ion adsorption process are discussed as initial steps for electrocrystallization on the same or on a foreign substrate. The metal ion adsorption takes place in the underpotential range, which is more positive than the equilibrium potential of the nucleated metal/metal ion electrode. Thermodynamic considerations show that an overlapping of disturbing processes in the underpotential range can be characterized by a factor , which is called charge‐coverage coefficient or electrosorption valency. It is a function of different independent variables. The metal monolayer model is satisfied only in the simplest case for (valency of metal ions in solution).