Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry of Selenium(IV) at a Silver Disk Electrode

Abstract

A new, simple, and reproducible method is described for the determination of selenium(IV) based on differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry. The optimized experimental conditions are as follows: selenium(IV) ions in an acidic medium (0.06 M HCl−0.07 M HNO₃) are electrodeposited on a rotating silver disk electrode as silver selenide at −0.4 V vs SCE for 30 min; the deposit is then cathodically stripped in another solution (2 M NaOH) at a scan rate of 50 mV s^-1 to −1.2 V vs SCE. The cathodic stripping results in only a single well-defined peak at about −0.95 V vs SCE. The calibration (peak height vs selenium concentration) graph is linear up to at least 40 ng mL^-1 of selenium(IV) and passes through the origin, with a relative standard deviation of 2.7% for 20 ng mL^-1 (n = 5). The detection limit (3σ) is 0.20 ng mL^-1. The possible interferences have been evaluated. Dissolved oxygen does not affect the peak height of selenium. The electrode can be used repeatedly at least 20 times with excellent reproducibility without further polishing. The proposed method is an improvement over the existing cathodic stripping techniques.