Effect of Dietary Phytase on the Digestion of Phytate in the Stomach and Small Intestine of Humans

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dietary phytase is involved in the hydrolysis of phytate in the stomach and small intestine of humans. The digestibility of phytase-deactivated wheat bran was studied on eight occasions and untreated wheat bran on two occasions in healthy ileostomates. Five subjects were studied for two 4-d periods and one subject on two occasions for two 4-d periods while fed a constant low fiber diet. The low fiber diet was supplemented with 16 g/d wheat bran in the second period. Three other subjects fed a low fiber diet were studied for 10 consecutive days, bran being added to the diet on d 5, 6 and 7. Inositol hexaphosphate and its degradation products were analyzed with a recently developed HPLC method. On average, 95% of the ingested phytate from phytase-deactivated wheat bran and 40% of the ingested phytate from untreated wheat bran were recovered in ileostomy contents. These results differ from those of a previous analysis using an iron precipitation method. Mucosal phytase and alakaline phosphatase, if present in the human small intestine, do not seem to play a significant role in phytate digestion in humans, whereas the dietary phytase may be an important factor for phytate hydrolysis. Iron precipitation methods are not adequate for determinations of phytate digestion.