Metastatic epidural spinal cord compression: current concepts and treatment

Abstract

Metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) is a medical emergency complicating the course of 5–10% of patients with cancer [1]. When diagnosis and treatment is early with the patient ambulatory prognosis for continued ambulation is good [2]. If the patient is nonambulatory or paraplegic, prognosis for meaningful recovery of motor and bladder function is markedly decreased. In the last decade, significant advances in the understanding, management and treatment of metastatic epidural spinal cord compression have occurred. Recent pathophysiological and pharmacological animals studies have afforded insights into disease mechanisms [3–9]. The audit of standard methods of investigation and magnetic resonance imaging have resulted in revision of guidelines for patient evaluation [10–17]. Finally, new surgical philosophies and technical advances have generated interest and controversy [18–25]. With improved clinical awareness, new imaging modalities will help us diagnose epidural spinal cord compression earlier and institute appropriate treatment.