Bathing Disability and the Risk of Long-Term Admission to a Nursing Home

Abstract

Background. The prevalence of disability in bathing and the likelihood of a long-term nursing home admission increase substantially with age. We performed a prospective study to determine whether the occurrence of persistent disability in bathing is associated with the risk of a long-term nursing home admission, independent of potential confounders, including persistent disability in other essential activities of daily living. Methods. We studied 754 community-living persons, 70 years old or older, who were nondisabled in four essential activities of daily living. Participants were followed with monthly telephone interviews for a median of 75 months to determine the occurrence of persistent (i.e., present for at least 2 consecutive months) disability in bathing and the time to the first long-term nursing home admission, defined as longer than 3 months. Results. One hundred thirteen (15.0%) participants had a long-term nursing home admission. At least one episode of persistent bathing disability occurred among 59 (52.2%) participants with a long-term nursing home admission and 210 (32.8%) without a long-term admission (p <.001). In a proportional hazards model that was fully adjusted for potential confounders, the occurrence of persistent bathing disabilty increased the risk of a long-term nursing home admission by 77% (hazard ratio 1.77, 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 2.98), but had no effect on the risk of a short-term nursing home admission (hazard ratio 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.51 to 1.49). Conclusions. Among community-living older persons, the occurrence of persistent disability in bathing is independently associated with the risk of a long-term nursing home admission, but has no effect on short-term admissions. Interventions directed at the prevention and remediation of bathing disability have the potential to reduce the burden and expense of long-term care services.