Data on the immunopathogenesis of Ebola fever in laboratory animals are presented and the efficacy of some methods of vaccine prophylaxis discussed. Antiviral immunity induced in guinea pigs by injection of inactivated viral agents did not protect them from infection, whereas injections of a nonlethal strain of the virus in ascending doses led to the formation of immunity preventing the development of disease upon inoculation with a lethal strain in high doses. The role of some viral peptides in the development of immune response is shown and variants of recombinant constructions for the prevention of Ebola fever are offered.