This paper presents an introductory review of polyacetylene, a typical semiconducting and metallic organic polymer. The electrical conductivity of polyacetylene can be tailored by appropriate “chemical and/or electrochemical doping” with electron accepting or electon donating reagents, spanning the range of insulators (10-12 S/cm) and metals (103 S/cm). Some of the potential applications of the doped polyacetylene are described.