A controlled, double-blind study using pemo-line and placebo in the management of hyper-kinetic behavior associated with minimal brain dysfunction is described. Improvement in gross behavior as measured by parent, teacher and physician global evaluations, as well as improve-ment in cognitive and perceptual function as measured by psychological tests, is recorded for the pemoline group. This was achieved with minimal side effects on a once-daily dosage regimen, indicating that pemoline is a highly useful clinical alternative to the amphetamines and methylphenidate as an adjunct in the management of hyperkinetic behavior.